Key Terms English

#	Term	Definition	Compare to
E1	Accreditation	Process to guarantee the quality of an institution or educational program. The process is brought to bear by an agency external to universities or training programs. (RIACES, 2005; p. 13). In the U.K. "accreditation" refers to the credentialing of individuals while "certification" refers to the vetting of training progrms.-IVC Administrator	S1
E2	Agency Counseling	See Community Counseling
E3	Body of academic knowledge	Fund of knowledge used in the practice of a profession. This knowledge is developed, maintained, and/or used in a characteristic way different than other professions	S6
E4	Career Counseling	Helping individuals or groups explore career options, make career plans, prepare for appropriate training, and resolve career-related problems.  Client concerns include career indecision and uncertainty, dissatisfaction on the job, unsatisfactory integration of life roles, and conflicts with others about career choice or development.  Nugent F. A., (2000). Introduction to the Profession of Counseling (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
E5	Certification	A method of identifying individuals by occupation other than by state law (Sweeney, 1995) In the U.K. "accreditation" refers to the credentialing of individuals while "certification" refers to the vetting of training progrms.-IVC Administrator	S3
E6	Code of Ethics	Document used in self-regulation specifying the standard of care.	S4
E7	Community Counseling	The application of couseling principles and practices in agency, organizational, or individual practice settings that are located in and interact with their surrounding community.  Hershenson, D., Power, P., & Waldo, M. (1996). Community Counseling: Contemporary theory and practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
E8	Couples and Family Therapy	These two similar approaches to therapy involve discussions and problem-solving sessions facilitated by a therapist- sometimes with the couple or entire family group, sometimes with individuals. Such therapy can help couples and family members improve their understanding of, and the way they respond to, one another.  This type of therapy resolve patterns of behavior that might lead to more severe mental illness.  Family therapy can help educate the individuals about the nature of mental disorders and teach them skills to cope better with the effects of having a family member with a mental illness-such as how to deal with feelings of anger or guilt.  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. (n.d.).  Mental Health Dictionary. Retrieved May 23, 2005, from      http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/resources/dictionary.aspx
E9	Credentialing	A method of identifying individuals by occupation (Sweeney, 1995; p. 118)	S10
E10	License	A document granted by a government agency indicating a person has met the requirements set for in a licensure law. A license law stipulates who can call themselves counselors and what functions they can perform (Clawson, Henderson, Schweiger, & Collins, 2004). The way in which this is obtained varies depending on a country's educational and political structure. In most nations a license is granted at the culmination of a 4 or 5 year undergraduate program. Graduate training or special courses are required elsewhere. - IVC Administrator	S8
E11	Professional Counseling	The application of mental health, psychological, or human development principles through cognitive, affective, behavioral, or systematic intervention strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or career development as well as pathology.  American Counseling Association. (1997). Definitions of professional counseling and professional counseling specialty. Alexandria, VA: Author This definition will vary from country to country and context to context. With some consistency it is meant to describe the work of some one with expertise in helping individuals and or groups achieve some personal, educational, social, spiritual, and/or vocational goal. The definition above is from the U.S. - IVC Administrator	S9
E12	Qualifying experience or examination	An experience culminating the training period and marking preparation for independent practice.	S7
E13	School Counselor	The professional school counselor is a certified/licensed educator trained in school counseling.  Professional school counselors address the needs of students through the implementation of a comprehensive, standard-based, developmental school counseling program. They are employed in elementary, middle,/junior high, and senor high schools, and in post-secondary settings.  Their work is differentiated by attention to age specific developmental stages of student growth, and the needs, tasks and student interests related to those stages.  They are specialized in human behavior and relationships who provide assistance to students through four primary interventions: counseling, large group guidance, consultation, and coordination. Sink, C., (2005). Contemporary School Counseling. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
E14	Self-regulation	Processes used by a profession to sanction those who violate best practice standards outlined in a Code of Ethics and other regulations.	S2